When it comes to baptism, the debate between infant baptism and believer’s baptism has stirred churches for centuries. But what did Jesus actually teach? His words and actions provide critical insights—if you’re willing to look closely. This article breaks it down clearly, looking at Jesus’ life, His commands, and the context in which baptism was practiced in the New Testament.
You’ll see how Jesus modeled and taught baptism, how early believers responded, and how both sides of the debate interpret the Bible. Whether you’ve grown up in a tradition that baptizes infants or one that waits until personal faith is expressed, understanding what Jesus said and did is the best starting point. Keep reading to dive deeper into scripture and history to make sense of this key Christian practice.
What Is Baptism, and Why Does It Matter?
Baptism is a public declaration of faith in Jesus. It’s more than just a ritual—it symbolizes dying to sin and being raised to new life in Christ. Romans 6:4 puts it plainly:
“We were therefore buried with him through baptism into death in order that… we too may live a new life.”
It’s important because Jesus commanded it (Matthew 28:19), practiced it, and expected His followers to continue it. But does that mean babies should be baptized—or only those who can personally believe?
What Did Jesus Say About Baptism?
Jesus spoke clearly about baptism in the Great Commission:
“Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.” – Matthew 28:19
Notice the order:
- Make disciples
- Baptize them
- Teach them to obey
This suggests that discipleship comes before baptism—meaning the person being baptized is someone who’s made a conscious decision to follow Jesus. That aligns closely with believer’s baptism.
Jesus Himself was baptized by John the Baptist as an adult (Matthew 3:13-17), not as a baby. While His baptism had a unique purpose—to “fulfill all righteousness”—it still involved personal intention and awareness.
Believer’s Baptism: A Biblical Pattern
Believer’s baptism means someone is baptized after they’ve placed their faith in Jesus. This is what we consistently see in the New Testament:
- Acts 2:41 – “Those who accepted his message were baptized… about 3,000 were added.”
- Acts 8:12 – “When they believed Philip… they were baptized, both men and women.”
- Acts 10:47 – “Can anyone withhold water for baptizing these people, who have received the Holy Spirit just as we have?”
The pattern is simple:
- Hear the gospel
- Believe in Jesus
- Get baptized
This order is seen over and over again. There’s no mention of infants being baptized in the Bible.
Why Do Some Baptize Infants?
So where does infant baptism come from?
Traditions that baptize infants—like Catholic, Orthodox, and some Protestant denominations—do so based on theology and history rather than explicit New Testament instruction.
Here are the common reasons:
- Covenant theology – Just as babies were circumcised under the Old Covenant (Genesis 17), baptism is seen as the New Covenant sign.
- Household baptisms – In Acts 16:15 and Acts 16:33, whole households were baptized. Some believe these households likely included children.
- Church tradition – Infant baptism became common in the early centuries of Christianity as part of efforts to ensure salvation and church membership.
However, there’s no clear example in the New Testament of an infant being baptized.
What Jesus’ Teachings Really Emphasize
Let’s be clear: Jesus didn’t directly teach against infant baptism—but everything He said about baptism involved personal faith and intentional discipleship.
Consider these key points:
- Jesus invited people to repent and believe (Mark 1:15). A baby can’t do that.
- He welcomed children (Mark 10:14) but didn’t baptize them.
- He told Nicodemus, “Unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom” (John 3:5). Again, the emphasis is spiritual rebirth—not ritual alone.
Jesus valued heart transformation over religious formality. That’s why believer’s baptism—a response to faith—is a better match to His teachings.
The Heart of the Issue: Faith Comes First
Jesus always emphasized faith, not just ritual. Baptism without faith is just getting wet. That’s why the New Testament consistently ties baptism to belief, repentance, and transformation.
Infant baptism may come from a desire to include children in God’s family early—but Jesus never taught that baptism was how that happened. He welcomed children, yes—but called adults to faith and obedience.
Should You Be Re-Baptized If You Were Baptized as a Baby?
If you were baptized as an infant and later came to personal faith in Christ, many believe you should consider believer’s baptism.
Why? Because:
- It’s your decision, not your parents’
- It matches the biblical pattern
- It reflects your own faith, not inherited religion
Even Jesus, though sinless, was baptized to show obedience. If He did it as an adult, maybe you should too.
What About Children Today?
What if your child is asking about baptism? The key is understanding. Can they articulate their faith? Do they know who Jesus is and why they want to follow Him?
If the answer is yes—then it’s time. If not, keep teaching, guiding, and praying.
Final Thoughts
Jesus’ teachings show us that baptism isn’t just about water. It’s about belief, surrender, and following Him. That’s why believer’s baptism best reflects what He modeled and taught.
Whether you’re rethinking your own baptism or guiding someone else, always go back to what Jesus said, did, and commanded. The goal isn’t to win an argument—it’s to follow Christ more closely.
10 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- Is infant baptism mentioned in the Bible?
No, there’s no direct example of an infant being baptized in the New Testament. - What’s the main difference between infant and believer’s baptism?
Infant baptism is based on family or covenant inclusion; believer’s baptism follows personal faith. - Was Jesus baptized as a baby?
No, He was baptized as an adult (Matthew 3:13). - Can I be baptized again if I was baptized as a baby?
Yes. Many Christians choose believer’s baptism to reflect their personal faith. - What does baptism symbolize?
Death to sin, new life in Christ, and public declaration of faith (Romans 6:4). - Is baptism required for salvation?
Baptism is a command, but salvation comes through faith in Jesus (Ephesians 2:8-9). - Did Jesus baptize anyone?
No. John 4:2 says His disciples did the baptizing. - What about household baptisms in Acts?
They’re mentioned, but we’re not told who was in the household or if they believed. - Can children be baptized?
Yes—if they understand and profess faith in Jesus. - What should I do if I’m unsure about my baptism?
Pray, study Scripture, and talk to a trusted pastor or mentor.
